SUMMARY
Niacinamide and nicotinic acid can be converted into each other in the body and have various beneficial effects on the skin, including improving epidermal barrier function, reducing wrinkles, and inhibiting photocarcinogenesis. Niacinamide also increases protein synthesis, stimulates ceramide synthesis, and accelerates keratinocyte differentiation. It has been shown to be effective in treating conditions such as acne vulgaris and rosacea, as well as improving wound healing. Additionally, niacinamide has anti-inflammatory properties and can lighten hyperpigmentation.
ABSTRACT
Patients with chronic pain commonly believe their pain is related to the weather. Scientific evidence to support their beliefs is inconclusive, in part due to difficulties in getting a large dataset of patients frequently recording their pain symptoms during a variety of weather conditions. Smartphones allow the opportunity to collect data to overcome these difficulties. Our study Cloudy with a Chance of Pain analysed daily data from 2658 patients collected over a 15-month period. The analysis demonstrated significant yet modest relationships between pain and relative humidity, pressure and wind speed, with correlations remaining even when accounting for mood and physical activity. This research highlights how citizen-science experiments can collect large datasets on real-world populations to address long-standing health questions. These results will act as a starting point for a future system for patients to better manage their health through pain forecasts.
RESULTS
- Nicotinic acid and niacinamide are effective as vitamins because they can be converted into each other within the organism.
- Using cell cultures of human keratinocytes, Tanno et al. stablished that niacinamide led to improved differentiation of keratinocytes and increased synthesis of ceramides, free fatty acids and cholesterol. When these results were transferred to conditions in vivo, Tanno et al demonstrated, by the topical application of niacinamide in the context of a vehicle-controlled study in the case of winter xerosis, an improvement in epidermal barrier function, which can be presented as a reduction of transepidermal water loss and an improvement in horny layer moisture.
- Matts and Solechnik confirmed the results of two clinical studies carried out by Bissett et al In the context of a vehicle-controlled study, it was possible to show a smoothing of the skin surface structure and a reduction in wrinkle depth on the facial skin of women following 12 weeks topical treatment with niacinamide, results which differed statistically significantly from the influence of the vehicle.
- The results demonstrated that the effect of niacinamide was dose-dependent.
- UV radiation leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which are responsible for the creation of free radicals that lead to direct damage to DNA, lipids and proteins, i.e. mainly damage to membranes, and which are held responsible for photocarcinogenesis.
- Niacinamide is beneficial because it results in the increased synthesis of proteins and keratin, stimulation of ceramide synthesis and acceleration of the differentiation of keratinocytes.
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